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Relative and Absolute References

When you copy a formula down a column, its references move with it. That is a relative reference (B2 becomes B3, B4...). To keep a reference fixed, put $ before the column and/or row: $E$1 always means E1. This is called an absolute reference.

A line such as C2:C4: =B2*$E$1 fills the formula down the range, shifting relative references and leaving $ ones alone.

In this course each line of an example is one cell: the address, a colon, then what is in the cell. A line starting with = is a formula. Press Run to see the sheet with every formula worked out.

Exampleexcel
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Quick check

In `=B2*$E$1`, which part stays fixed when the formula is copied down?

Your turn: write the code

Fill D2:D4 with the price including tax: B2 plus B2*$B$6 (the tax rate in B6).

Finish the quick check (and any code exercise) to complete this lesson, or mark it done yourself.

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